What are anti-forensics tools?
In the past anti-forensic tools have focused on attacking the forensic process by destroying data, hiding data, or altering data usage information. Anti-forensics has recently moved into a new realm where tools and techniques are focused on attacking forensic tools that perform the examinations.
Is anti-forensics making the life of a cyber forensic investigator difficult?
After the positive methods and solution of digital forensics to curb cyber-attacks, came the idea of anti-forensics to make it difficult for cyber forensic investigators. The anti-forensic has made the life of an investigator more difficult.
What are the challenges of detection of anti-forensics techniques?
The first challenge with detection of ‘anti-forensic’ techniques and tools, however, is to understand what exactly anti-forensics is.
What is anti-computer forensics?
Anti-computer forensics or counter-forensics are techniques used to obstruct forensic analysis . Anti-forensics has only recently been recognized as a legitimate field of study. Within this field of study, numerous definitions of anti-forensics abound.
What is anti-forensics in cyber security?
Anti-Forensics (AF) tools and techniques frustrate CFTs by erasing or altering information; creating “chaff” that wastes time and hides information; implicating innocent parties by planting fake evidence; exploiting implementation bugs in known tools; and by leaving “tracer” data that causes CFTs to inadvertently ...
What are the goals of anti-forensics?
Goals of Anti-Forensics: Interrupt and stop information collection. Toughen the investigator's task find the evidence. Hide traces of crime or criminality . Compromise the accuracy of a forensic report or testimony.
What are some of the legitimate uses of anti-forensics?
Anti-forensics methods can be applied at any stage of the computer investigation process. The aims of anti-forensics include hiding or destroying evidence, slowing down forensics' investigation, and causing uncertainty in a forensic report or tool (Garfinkel, 2007).
Which of the following method is used in anti-forensics?
Steganography Steganography is the process of hiding messages or files within another file. Anti-forensic tools like Hidden Tear and Stego Watch can be used to hide information in images, audio, and video, among other file types, so that it is difficult for forensic analysts to uncover.
Which of the following is the definition of anti forensics?
Which of the following is the definition of anti-forensics? The actions that perpetrators take to conceal their locations, activities, or identities. Real evidence means physical objects that can be touched, held, or directly observed, such as a laptop with a suspect's fingerprints on it, or a handwritten note.
What are some preventative anti forensic measures offenders use?
By using forensic tools, investigators can counter many of these measures....Deleting Evidence or Using Privacy Protection and Disk Cleaning ToolsCache and history for popular Web browsers.Chat logs produced with Skype and some other popular instant messengers.Provide “secure delete” option to wipe files.More items...
What are data hiding techniques?
Data hiding involves changing or manipulating a file to conceal information. Data- hiding techniques include hiding entire partitions, changing file extensions, setting file attributes to hidden, bit-shifting, using encryption, and setting up password protection.
What is digital forensic investigation?
Digital forensics is a branch of forensic science that focuses on identifying, acquiring, processing, analysing, and reporting on data stored electronically. Electronic evidence is a component of almost all criminal activities and digital forensics support is crucial for law enforcement investigations.
How many types of digital evidence are there?
Digital evidence can be any sort of digital file from an electronic source. This includes email, text messages, instant messages, social media posts, files and documents extracted from hard drives, electronic financial transactions, audio files, and video files.
Is steganography anti forensic?
Abstract: Steganography is one of the anti-forensic techniques used by criminals to hide information in other messages which can cause problems in the investigation process and difficulties in obtaining original information evidence on the digital crime.
What are network forensic analysis tools?
Network Forensic Analysis Tools (NFATs) help administrators monitor their environment for anomalous traffic, perform forensic analysis and get a clear picture of their environment. To gain a better definition of the tool, it examines three NFATs: SilentRunner, NetIntercept and NetDetector.
What are some of the challenges in the field of computer forensics?
Challenges for digital forensicsExplosion of complexity. ... Development of standards. ... Privacy-preserving investigations. ... Legitimacy. ... Rise of antiforensics techniques.
What is Encase forensics?
EnCase Forensic’s comprehensive digital forensic software capabilities help deep analysis and speedy triage to help the investigators whether independent, federal, or a law enforcement agency to decide if the investigation is warranted. EnCase Information Assurance provides the Legal and IT teams the required software to discover data that is forensically important. The Encase has various benefits such as
What is the method of concealing data?
A method of concealing data by entering it in an ambiguous language. The obfuscation method makes use of jargon and ingroup phrases to conceal data. Deobfuscation can also be reversed by removing the layer as in onion routing.
How to spot a stego attack?
Spotting a stego-attack can be challenging, but it can be accomplished. In some instances, looking for repetitive patterns in images can clue you in (including small distortions). In other instances, tools will need to be used, such as EnCase, or ILook Investigator.
How to defeat onion routing?
Truly, the only way to defeat onion routing is to break through each successive router in reverse order, beginning with the exit node. This is exceptionally time consuming, but it can be accomplished.
What are some cryptographic tools?
Some of these tools include VeraCrypt, AxCrypt, BitLocker, and GNU Privacy Guard. The history of encryption spans many hundreds of years and will likely require more study than can be compiled here. Some of the classical cryptography that may be seen on the CCFE include the Caesar Cipher and Vigenere Cipher.
Can forensic examiners recover deleted Skype conversations?
For instance, a chatsync folder could help to recover wiped Skype conversations even if the Skype database has been wiped/deleted.
Can forensic examiners overwrite metadata?
However, overwriting metadata prevents this. The use of Timestomp can also overwrite timestamps and delete entries, making an examiner’s job more difficult. Checking metadata document authenticity can help mitigate the repercussions of these attacks.
What is analysis prevention?
The second part of this document examines those that are the most advanced techniques regarding to the anti-forensics. The basic idea of “analysis prevention”, is that if evidence is never created or generated, this should not be deleted, hidden or destroyed to hide our tracks.These practices range from code exec in memory buffers, to a specific system tuning in order to prevent that it collect useful traces for a forensic investigator. This is practically the principle of “ prevention is better than cure “. From this point onwards, will be generally described some of most used and most effective techniques. For some of these, the author will make soon a thorough, dedicated paper.
What is online anonymity?
Online anonymity essentially means the ability to make it difficult to associate a specific action performed online with a person or entity. The first thing that immediately comes to mind when we speak of “online anonymity”, it is certainly masking the IP address of the source of a communication. However, many people were arrested for “ hacking ” even if they put in field techniques considered enough reliable in doing their jobs. Why?
Introduction
Encryption
- Encryption is the act of turning data (or other information) into code, intended to prevent access from unauthorized users. Many tools aid with this, some of which reside right on a new version of Windows. Some of these tools include VeraCrypt, AxCrypt, BitLocker, and GNU Privacy Guard. The history of encryption spans many hundreds of years and wil...
Steganography
- Steganography is the act of concealing secret information or messages in non-secret data or text. One of the most common ways to do this is via image, where a particular section is changed but in a way that is not evident. These files appear inconsequential, which is why they can be overlooked. The process of steganography goes back centuries to a time when messages migh…
Changing Metadata/Timestamps
- Metadata and timestamps can be manipulated to an attacker’s benefit. Metadata spoofing can fool web service clients by providing false WSDL files and WS-Security-Policy data. Changing timestamps can remove signs that forensic examiners use to determine possible areas of activity in a system if the time of activity is known. Forensic examiners may be able to compile a timelin…
Tunneling
- Tunneling, which is also called port forwarding, allows private communication to be sent over a public network by a process called encapsulation. This ensures data packets appear public, enabling them to pass through with little to no judgment. A common way to utilize tunneling is through a VPN (Virtual Private Network), which encrypts data to keep away any security measur…
Onion Routing
- Onion routing is a mode of sending messages encrypted in layers, which correspond to layers in an onion. The data is transmitted through many network nodes (onion routers), and a layer of encryption is removed at each. When the final layer is peeled off, the message heads to the destination. As such, it is anonymous because nobody in the chain knows more than a few links …
Wiping A Drive
- The process of wiping a hard drive seeks to make data unreadable. Reformatting a drive or deleting files does not erase those files, the data remains. Using a program that overwrites the information is common, as the more times data is overwritten, the less readable the previous data becomes. More skilled criminals may go farther by using the Linux dd command to wipe the driv…
Disabled Logging
- Computers and other devices log all or most of the events that occur on them. For a criminal, this leaves a trail of evidence, which they then want to eliminate. There are different options for doing this. They can delete the log, which will leave a gap of knowledge. As far as more technical tools, Auditpol is a tool that allows for turning auditing off and back on again, but this can easily be not…
Spoofing
- Spoofing is an act where someone attempts to gain access to someone’s system or information by pretending to be someone he or she is not. The literal meaning of the word is “to trick.” There are various ways to spoof, but the two most common are IP and MAC spoofing, so understanding the difference is integral when studying for the CCFE. IP spoofing is the easiest, and most com…