Full Answer
How does Windows use Kerberos for authentication?
When you use a password to sign in interactively to a domain account, Windows uses the Kerberos version 5 (v5) protocol for authentication. If you use a smart card, the operating system uses Kerberos v5 authentication with X.509 v3 certificates.
What kind of authentication does Windows Server 2012 use?
If you use a smart card, the operating system uses Kerberos v5 authentication with X.509 v3 certificates. Virtual smart cards were introduced in Windows Server 2012 and Windows 8 to alleviate the need for a physical smart card, the smart card reader, and the associated administration of that hardware.
What authentication methods are supported by OpenWindows remote access servers?
Windows remote access servers support the following set of authentication methods: Extensible Authentication Protocol/Transport Layer Security (EAP/TLS) For security purposes, PAP can be excluded as a viable option for most businesses because it sends passwords across the phone line or Internet in plain text.
Which authentication protocol enables the use of customized authentication methods?
EAP is an authentication protocol that enables the use of customized authentication methods. Which of the following is a feature of MS-CHAP v2 that is not included in CHAP? MS-CHAP v2 allows mutual authentication, in which the server authenticates to the client.
Which authentication protocol should be used for smart card authentication?
If you use smart cards or have a certificate infrastructure that issues user and computer certificates, use the EAP-TLS authentication protocol for both PPTP and L2TP connections to provide the most secure authentication.
What protocol is used for smart card?
ISO/IEC 7816 is the international standard for contact smart cards.
Does Kerberos support smart cards?
Smart cards allow Kerberos authentication through Public Key Initialization (PKINIT) extensions to the Kerberos protocol. PKINIT extensions allow a public/private key pair to be used to authenticate users when they log on to the network.
What is smart card based authentication?
A smart card is a pocket-sized card that has an embedded microprocessor. Smart cards can do cryptographic operations, store, and process the digital credentials of the users securely. A smart card can be used as an authentication factor.
Which type of authentication includes smart cards?
Smart card authentication is a two-step login process that uses a smart card. The smart card stores a user's public key credentials and a personal identification number (PIN), which acts as the secret key to authenticate the user to the smart card.
What is a smart card Mcq?
Solution: A smart card is a device that includes an embedded integrated circuit chip (ICC) that can be either a secure microcontroller or equivalent intelligence with internal memory or a memory chip alone.
How does smart card secure the computer?
Smart cards provide a higher level of security than magnetic stripe cards because they contain microprocessors capable of processing data directly without remote connections. Even memory-only smart cards can be more secure because they can store more authentication and account data than traditional mag stripe cards.
What is a smart card to log into Windows?
Smart cards can be used to easily sign in to Windows domain accounts. To log on to Windows using a smart card a user must: Present the smart card to the card reader, or attach the USB security token to the computer. Choose the Smart card option from the user list on the logon screen (see screenshot below).
What is a smart card Windows 7?
Manages access to smart cards read by your computer. If this service is stopped, your computer will be unable to read smart cards. If this service is disabled, any services that explicitly depend on it will fail to start.
What is smart card and its types?
The most common applications of smart cards include contactless payment cards, employee ID badges, medical records cards, transit cards, health ID cards, etc. This article will discuss what smart cards are, the different types of smart cards, how they work, and their uses.
What are smart card readers used for?
electronic processes including personal identification, access control, authentication, and financial transactions. Smart card readers obtain or “read” this type of data. These easy-to-install devices read the data that is stored on contact or contactless 13.56 MHz smart cards.
What type of access control do smart cards and biometrics provide?
"Answer: The smart cards and biometrics are physical access control.
What is t1 protocol?
The block-oriented T=1 protocol is an asynchronous half- duplex protocol for data exchange between a smart card and a smart card terminal. Unlike the byte-oriented T=0 protocol, the block-oriented T=1 protocol separates data transmission via the answer to reset ( ATR) protocol and the application.
How does a cryptographic smart card work?
Smart cards provide ways to securely identify and authenticate the holder and third parties who want access to the card. For example, a cardholder can use a PIN code or biometric data for authentication. They also provide a way to securely store data on the card and protect communications with encryption.
Which is the most secure form of a smart card?
The most secure is a device like a YubiKey , which has the superior cryptographic strength of a smart card but requires a physical touch for every authentication, so that an attacker can't access it without the user's cooperation.
Which access control model seems most appropriate for smart cards?
Smart cards contain an embedded chip used as either a microprocessor or memory, which create some complications in implementing smart cards for network access. Centralization and distribution access control models are most appropriate for smart cards.
What does authenticator do?
The authenticator also calculates the hash value and compares the client's response with its own calculation. If the values match, the connection is established.
What is remote access server?
Remote access servers can be configured as dial-in servers or VPN servers. Dial-in servers use the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) or in the case of some older servers, the Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) as the link layer protocol. VPN servers can use the Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP), Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP), or IPSec tunnel mode to establish a secure "tunnel" over the Internet. Windows remote access servers support the following set of authentication methods: 1 Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) 2 Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) 3 Microsoft's implementation of CHAP (MS-CHAP) 4 Updated version of MS-CHAP (MS-CHAP2) 5 Extensible Authentication Protocol/Transport Layer Security (EAP/TLS)
Why is PAP not supported?
For security purposes, PAP can be excluded as a viable option for most businesses because it sends passwords across the phone line or Internet in plain text. The only reason to use PAP is if the remote access client and remote access server are not able to negotiate a more secure authentication method. Many VPN/firewall products do not support PAP because of the security issue.
What is EAP TLS?
EAP/TLS provides for use of more secure authentication methods such as smart cards, Kerberos, and digital certificates, which are much more secure than the user name/password authentication methods above. It's defined in RFC 2716.
What is the protocol used for dial in VPN?
Dial-in servers use the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) or in the case of some older servers, the Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) as the link layer protocol. VPN servers can use the Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP), Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP), or IPSec tunnel mode to establish a secure "tunnel" over the Internet. ...
What is a RADIUS authorization?
Authorization refers to granting specific services to users based on their authenticated identity; restrictions can be imposed on certain users. Accounting refers to tracking the use of the network by users and can be done for billing, management, or security purposes. RADIUS is defined in RFCs 2865 and 2866.
Is MS-CHAP v2 secure?
Version 2 adds such features as mutual (two-way) authentication of both client and server, as well as stronger encryption keys. MS-CHAP v2 is more secure than CHAP for Windows systems.
What is a smart card technical reference?
The Smart Card Technical Reference describes the Windows smart card infrastructure for physical smart cards and how smart card-related components work in Windows. This document also contains information about tools that information technology (IT) developers and administrators can use to troubleshoot, debug, and deploy smart card-based strong authentication in the enterprise.
What are smart cards?
Smart cards are tamper-resistant portable storage devices that can enhance the security of tasks such as authenticating clients , signing code, securing e-mail, and signing in with a Windows domain account.
When did virtual smart cards come out?
Virtual smart cards were introduced in Windows Server 2012 and Windows 8 to alleviate the need for a physical smart card, the smart card reader, and the associated administration of that hardware. For information about virtual smart card technology, see Virtual Smart Card Overview.
What is remote credential guard?
It's an incredibly clever mechanism that prevents clients from sending any primary credentials to the target machine, therefore mitigating any risk of leaking them if the target is compromised.
What does LSA ask client?
Over the channel the target LSA asks the client to ask (ish) the client LSA for a ticket to whatever the target needs. The client obliges, and forwards the ticket. The target now has a ticket, and never saw the creds. It's ingenious.
Why does RDP take so long?
It turns out RDP emulates the smart card hardware and literally passes hardware commands back and forth over the channel. This is, incidentally, why it takes so long for RDP sessions to start when using smart cards. It's proxying hardware commands over the channel encrypted to that session key. It's kinda wild.
What does the target see in PKU2U?
The target sees its PKU2U, checks the certificate from the user chains up to AAD, goes and gets it's certificate from AAD, returning it in the handshake. The client checks the server cert chains to AAD, and voila. Some key agreement goop occurs and now we have a session key.
Is Kerberos ticket safe?
The target happily responds and depending on a few conditions might do a couple different things. In the first case the target provides its machine account's Kerberos Ticket Granting Ticket. It's encrypted so only Active Directory can decrypt it, so its safe to pass around.
Does the target receive the blob?
And the target receives the blob. It takes the session key it stashed away a while back and decrypts the blob. Now it has a username and password. That username and password is passed to the logon UI bits and now we're back to that original thread. Magic!
Can you use WHFB credentials during RDP?
Now the cool thing about RCG, aside from the security properties, is that it also solves a problem that plagues Windows Hello for Business Key Trust deployments -- specifically that you can't use your WHF B credentials during RDP.